Catatonic Schizophrenia

Catatonic schizophrenia is a subtype of schizophrenia that experts now consider obsolete. Experts no longer recognize it as a specific condition, and instead, attach catatonia as an additional feature when diagnosing schizophrenia. Catatonia is sometimes dangerous, but is usually very treatable with medication or other methods.

What is catatonic schizophrenia?

“Catatonic schizophrenia” is a subtype of schizophrenia that includes catatonia as a key feature. Experts no longer recognize it as a diagnosis, making this name obsolete. Today, experts recognize schizophrenia as a specific disease and a spectrum of disorders. Healthcare providers regard catatonia as an important syndrome to consider and treat, especially when it happens with schizophrenia.

The American Psychiatric Association removed catatonic schizophrenia from its list of official diagnoses when updating to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published in 2013. The World Health Organization (WHO) removed “catatonic schizophrenia” from the International Classification of Diseases when updating to the 11th edition (ICD-11) in 2019.

What is catatonia?

Catatonia is a syndrome — a collection of signs and symptoms — where your brain doesn’t manage muscle movement signals as it should and you behave abnormally. It happens with many other conditions, but schizophrenia is frequently associated with catatonia. Once thought to be the only condition associated with catatonia, it’s now known that bipolar disorder is more commonly associated with catatonia and that catatonia occurs alongside a number of medical and mental health conditions.

There are three main forms of catatonia: excited, withdrawn and mixed.

  • Excited/hyperkinetic: This form involves increased movement (such as in the form of pacing), agitated behavior, unusual or exaggerated movements, repetitive movements or speaking, or mimicking someone speaking or moving near them.
  • Withdrawn/hypokinetic: This form of catatonia is often easier to spot because people with this form of catatonia have very limited responses — or no response at all — to what’s happening around them. They may be mute, show no emotions or facial expressions, hold completely still or stare or stay in an unusual position for an extended period.
  • Mixed: This form combines features of hyperkinetic and hypokinetic catatonia.

What is the difference between catatonic schizophrenia and paranoid schizophrenia?

Like “catatonic schizophrenia,” “paranoid schizophrenia” is an obsolete term for a diagnosis that no longer exists. Paranoid schizophrenia was the name for schizophrenia where experts regarded paranoia, delusions and hallucinations as key symptoms. Catatonic schizophrenia is the term for schizophrenia where catatonia is the most dominant feature.   more

Intermittent explosive disorder (IED)

Overview

Intermittent explosive disorder involves repeated, sudden episodes of impulsive, aggressive, violent behavior or angry verbal outbursts in which you react grossly out of proportion to the situation. Road rage, domestic abuse, throwing or breaking objects, or other temper tantrums may be signs of intermittent explosive disorder.

These intermittent, explosive outbursts cause you significant distress, negatively impact your relationships, work and school, and they can have legal and financial consequences.

Intermittent explosive disorder is a chronic disorder that can continue for years, although the severity of outbursts may decrease with age. Treatment involves medications and psychotherapy to help you control your aggressive impulses.

 

Symptoms

Explosive eruptions occur suddenly, with little or no warning, and usually last less than 30 minutes. These episodes may occur frequently or be separated by weeks or months of nonaggression. Less severe verbal outbursts may occur in between episodes of physical aggression. You may be irritable, impulsive, aggressive or chronically angry most of the time.

Aggressive episodes may be preceded or accompanied by:

  • Rage
  • Irritability
  • Increased energy
  • Racing thoughts
  • Tingling
  • Tremors
  • Palpitations
  • Chest tightness

The explosive verbal and behavioral outbursts are out of proportion to the situation, with no thought to consequences, and can include:

  • Temper tantrums
  • Tirades
  • Heated arguments
  • Shouting
  • Slapping, shoving or pushing
  • Physical fights
  • Property damage
  • Threatening or assaulting people or animals

You may feel a sense of relief and tiredness after the episode. Later, you may feel remorse, regret or embarrassment.   more

The Personality Disorder We Don’t Hear Enough About

The sadistic personality may be mistaken for antisocial personality disorder.

KEY POINTS

  • Sadistic personality disorder is no longer in the DSM, but it’s still recognized by personality aficionados.
  • The chief component of sadistic personality is taking pleasure in cruel, demeaning, and aggressive behaviors as a means of control.
  • It is differentiated from antisocial personality disorder in that, for the sadistic personality, cruelty and aggression is an end unto itself.
It’s no news that somepathological personalities have a sadistic quality about them. Narcissists will torture with put-downs to keep their ego afloat; antisocial personalities may make people suffer into submission to get a need met, enjoying the sense of power it provides them. However, the aforementioned are not usually openly hostile and destructive as a general way of relating to others. In these circumstances, such acts of cruelty are really means to an end; a part of the disorder. Is there a personality style where hellish cruelty is a central component?

The Sadistic Personality

While no longer addressed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), sadistic personality disorder (SPD), similar to the passive-agressive and masochistic personality, has continued to be recognized as a legitimate condition by many (e.g., Millon, 2011; Plouffe, Sakloske &Smith, 2017; Coolidge et al., 2018; Kowalski et al., 2019). Sadistic personality qualities have also been resurfacing as a hot topic in the realm of the dark triad/tetrad.

First written about as a psychological construct by Krafft-Ebbing in the mid-1800s (Millon, 2011), the sadistic character was then recognized as someone who enjoys instigation of pain, cruelty, and humiliation as sexual dominance. This was expounded upon by Freud, who discussed sadism and masochism as “bipolar dimensions of the aggressive component of the sexual instinct” (Millon, 2011).

Looking beyond this sexual basis, however, Eric Fromm later posited that sexual sadism was only one expression of some people’s need to humiliate. Millon (2011) quoted Fromm:

“Mental cruelty, the wish to humilate and to hurt another person’s feelings, is probably even more widespread than physical sadism. This type of sadistic attack is much safer to the sadist… the psychological pain can be as intense or even more so than the physical… the core of sadism…is the passion to have absolute and unrestricted control over a living being. To force someone to endure pain or humiliation without being able to defend oneself is one of the manifestations of absolute control…”

In other words, it seemed that some people’s interpersonal style is entirely constructed around sadistic behavior. It was just this line of thinking that led to SPD being included in the DSM-3 Revised edition (DSM 3-R [1987]). However, this was limited to the “Proposed Diagnostic Categories Needing Further Study” appendix, and never made it further, despite over 50% of forensic psychiatrists surveyed at that time reporting having interviewed cases that would meet criteria (Levesque, 2014). According to Millon (2011), disregarding it in future editions was a political decision, but a foolish one, given it is clear there exists an aggression-loving population in society that markedly contributes to the decline of civility.   more

A song for all the victims of Histrionic personality disorder(So Cold Produced by Feelo)

Lyrics:

I really hate you so much hate that I cant even sleep at night telling everyone lies slandering my name siding with my enemies and were suppose to have a peaceful relationship in this house I’ll just ignore you cause I don’t have a nice thing to say to you people say your beautiful well I don’t see it cause all I see when I look at you is hate your deceiving personality and immature acts got me looking at you with a bald head bucktooth deformed inferior and insecure I cant even put into words how much inner hate I have towards you, how could you tell people I came into your room and raped you, you don’t know what happened to Stephanie and the way it still affects me you really are that desperate for attention cause you are willing to ruin somebody else’s life just to get some spotlight into your own

“Chorus”

Coming into my room and stealing my songs and calling them yours like you know the pain dealing with this constant heartache hell never seemed to let up cause as soon as I overcome an obstacle another one pops right up I’m so fucking fed up with your childish acts I’ll buy you a one way plane ticket and I hope you never come back you said this house would be perfect if I wasn’t in it, bitch you moved into my home you ain’t kicking me out of it you ain’t got a clue of what I’m dealing with music is what helps me get through and your taking credit of my lyrics o well what can I really do except release my frustration on this page but wait you would probably flip this too and say I’m the one coming into your room and stealing your songs and this pain is really yours like you even come close to overcoming the hell that I survived you wished that I was dead but if I died you couldn’t plagiarize another one of my verses in my lyrics you hear that I’m hurt was likes on your face book really worth it cause you can’t reverse it

“Chorus”

You remind me so much of my mother the way you lie about me and trick people into believing that I’m this demon a devil sent from hell I been through so much of my life now I just see your exactly like her with your attention seeking behavior people think your a saint but I know you ain’t all you did since you been here was add to my pain.

dedicated
to all those who have been falsely accused of rapped and to all those who have been a victim to someone with histrionic personality disorder

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Histrionic personality disorder (HPD) is a mental health condition marked by unstable emotions, a distorted self-image and an overwhelming desire to be noticed. People with HPD often behave dramatically or inappropriately to get attention.

What is histrionic personality disorder?

Histrionic personality disorder (HPD) is a mental health condition marked by intense, unstable emotions and a distorted self-image. The word “histrionic” means “dramatic or theatrical.”

For people with histrionic personality disorder, their self-esteem depends on the approval of others and doesn’t come from a true feeling of self-worth. They have an overwhelming desire to be noticed and often behave dramatically or inappropriately to get attention.

People with histrionic personality disorder often don’t realize their behavior and way of thinking may be problematic.

Histrionic personality disorder is one of a group of conditions called “Cluster B” personality disorders, which involve dramatic and erratic behavior.

Who does histrionic personality disorder affect?

Histrionic personality disorder usually begins in your late teens or early 20s.

Women and people assigned female at birth (AFAB) are more commonly diagnosed with histrionic personality disorder than men and people assigned male at birth (AMAB), but researchers think that men and people AMAB may be underdiagnosed.

How common is histrionic personality disorder?

Histrionic personality disorder is relatively rare. Researchers estimate that about 1% of people have the condition.   more

What Is a Passive-Aggressive Personality?

What Is a Passive-Aggressive Personality?

A passive-aggressive personality can involve hinting at insults without actually saying them. But is it just a trait or a type of personality disorder?

Being passive-aggressive suggests that you’re using indirect or nonconfrontational means to convey your feelings of negativity.

Instead of yelling and waving your hands, for example, you might make sarcastic comments, give backhanded compliments, or deliberately take extra time on projects to “get back at” someone.

Passive aggression is a behavioral expression of hostility, and it can be both a personality trait and part of a broader personality disorder.

What is a passive-aggressive personality?

Most people experience passive-aggressive traits once in a while. Snapping at your boss with a snide comment, for example, may be your way of begrudgingly taking on an assignment you didn’t want.

A passive-aggressive personality, however, is one where negative feelings are regularly expressed through patterns of indirect, often hostile behaviors.

Always meeting conflict with procrastination, for example, can be a behavioral pattern seen in a passive-aggressive personality.

What are the causes?

There are many reasons why you may not be comfortable directly communicating negative emotions.

“Passive-aggressive behavior may arise when the person utilizing it feels they cannot communicate their needs and feelings directly, or when someone wants to avoid taking responsibility for the impact of their words and actions,” explains Ileana Arganda-Stevens, a licensed marriage and family therapist from Sacramento, California.

Bognar says this need to bottle up emotions is often a learned behavior from childhood, when you realize at an early age your needs won’t be met by asking in a straightforward way.

“A passive-aggressive person learns at an early age that the most reliable way for them to get what they want and need is through manipulation, and they do this often through the use of guilt and/or shame,” he says.

What are the characteristics of a passive-aggressive person?

Characteristics of passive-aggressive personality can include patterns of:

  • passive resistance to social and occupational task completion
  • complaining
  • feeling misunderstood or unappreciated
  • frequent arguing
  • acting sullen or grumpy
  • bitterness and scorn toward authority
  • resentfulness toward the success of others
  • envy
  • excessive vocalization and complaining about personal misfortune
  • indecision
  • low self-confidence
  • pessimism
  • catastrophizing
  • stubbornness
  • procrastination
  • feigned forgetfulness
  • blame shifting

more 

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